{"id":1998,"date":"2020-12-27T17:28:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-27T16:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.studioboszkers.nl\/microbiome-center\/?page_id=1998"},"modified":"2023-01-31T19:12:17","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T18:12:17","slug":"neuropsychologische-aandoeningen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.studioboszkers.nl\/microbiome-center\/neuropsychologische-aandoeningen\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuropsychologische aandoeningen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/dev.studioboszkers.nl\/microbiome-center\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/microbiome-center-header-2.jpg&#8221; min_height=&#8221;497px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||251px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;||251px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.16.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;100px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;100px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;75px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Titillium Web|600|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Titillium Web|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;Titillium Web|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#2e2645&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;4px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Neuropsychologische aandoeningen<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Impressie van de publicaties over de relevantie van het microbioom<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=&#8221;on&#8221; 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background_layout__hover=&#8221;light&#8221; background_layout__hover_enabled=&#8221;light&#8221; max_width__hover=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width__hover_enabled=&#8221;100%&#8221; header_2_font_size__hover=&#8221;26px&#8221; header_2_font_size__hover_enabled=&#8221;26px&#8221; header_2_letter_spacing__hover=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_line_height__hover=&#8221;1em&#8221; header_2_line_height__hover_enabled=&#8221;1em&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style__hover=&#8221;none&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_style__hover_enabled=&#8221;none&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_color__hover=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.4)&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.4)&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>De darmen zijn zeer rijk voorzien van zenuwen, kennen een twee-richting-verkeer met het brein en worden om die reden vaak het tweede brein genoemd (1,2). Bovendien worden er bij psychische ziekten heel vaak ook darmziekten zoals IBS en IBD gevonden (3). De aanwijzingen dat het microbioom een directe modulatie van het centraal zenuwstelsel kan bewerkstelligen, en vice versa, stapelen zich op (4). Er zijn aanwijzingen voor de relatie met het microbioom gevonden bij:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Depressie<\/strong><br \/>Dit gaat vaak gepaard met een ontregelde hypothalamus-hypofyse-bijnier-as (HPA-as), verhoogd serum cortisol status, en toename van ontstekingsfactoren gevonden, en elk van deze factoren kan door het micobioom gemoduleerd worden (3,5,6). Bij pati\u00ebnten met zware depressie zijn bovendien afwijkingen in de samenstelling van het mircobioom gevonden (7). Een ander opvallend verschil ten opzichte van gezonde controlepersonen is een verhoogde serumwaarde van een specifieke korte-keten vetzuur (valeriaanzuur). Deze stof wordt door het microbioom aangemaakt, kan de bloed-brein-barri\u00ebre kan passeren, en kan een directe invloed uitoefenen op zowel hypothalamus als op de afgifte van neurotransmitters (7). Hoewel het oppassen is met meta-analyses van probiotica vanwege de grote verschillen tussen diverse probiotische producten en stammen, geeft een meta-analyse over probiotica tegen depressie de eerste voorzichtige aanwijzingen dat probiotica een gunstig effect kunnen hebben (8).<\/p>\n<p><strong>ADHD<\/strong><br \/>Een aanwijzing dat de darmen en\/of het metabolisme een rol speelt bij deze aandachtstekort-hyperactiviteits-stoornis is dat bepaalde di\u00ebten en voedingssupplementen in diverse studies effectief de symptomen verminderen (9,10). Meerdere studies hebben ook een verhoogde ontstekingsgraad vastgesteld bij ADHD pati\u00ebnten (11). De eerder genoemde invloed van het microbioom op het immuunsysteem (en systemische laaggradige ontsteking) suggereert een mogelijke rol van het microbioom bij ADHD. Bovendien zijn ook bij ADHD verschillen gevonden in de samenstelling van het microbioom (12,13). Een RCT waarin moeders de laatste vier weken van hun zwangerschap en vervolgens de kinderen de eerste zes maanden probiotica of een placebo kregen, geeft een eerste voorzichtige indicatie voor een gunstig effect, aangezien er na 13 jaar in de placebogroep 5 van de 35 kinderen ADHD of autisme had en in de probiotica groep nul (14).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Autistisch spectrum stoornis<\/strong><br \/>Autisme wordt gekarakteriseerd als ontwikkelingsstoornis en er zijn sterke aanwijzingen dat omgevingsfactoren tijdens de zwangerschap (zoals bacteri\u00eble of virusinfecties bij de moeder) het risico op autisme bij het kind vergroten (15). Hierbij speelt neuroinflammatie een rol, wat onder andere samenhangt met verstoringen van het microbioom van de moeder (15). Bij autistische kinderen zelf zijn ook afwijkingen in de samenstelling van het microbioom gevonden, met als meest opvallende correlatie een vertienvoudiging van een bepaalde bacteriegeslacht (Clostridium) (4,5,15). Daarnaast zijn er aanwijzingen dat een ruim percentage van autistische personen een geschiedenis van antibioticagebruik kennen en ook is er bij autistische individuen een verhoogde waarde van een endotoxine van bacteri\u00eble oorsprong in het bloed (LPS) aangetroffen (5). Darmproblemen zoals chronische diarree komen bovendien vaak voor bij autistische personen en het microbioom wijkt af van dat van gezonde kinderen (4,10,16). Autistische kinderen behoren tot de groep kinderen die het vaakst worden doorverwezen naar een MDL-arts (17). Ook zijn er aanwijzingen voor een vergrote doorlaatbaarheid van de darmwand, wat resulteert in immuunreactie (10). Tot slot laat een onderzoek met een aangepaste vorm van poeptransplantatie zien dat bij 18 autistische kinderen niet alleen de darmklachten sterk verminderde, maar ook de gedragsscore verbeterde (18).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Referenties<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Gershon MD. The enteric nervous system: a second brain. Hosp Pract 1995. 1999;34:31\u20132, 35\u20138, 41-42 passim.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Ochoa-Rep\u00e1raz J, Kasper LH. The Second Brain: Is the Gut Microbiota a Link Between Obesity and Central Nervous System Disorders? Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5:51\u201364.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>3. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression? Neurogastroenterol Motil Off J Eur Gastrointest Motil Soc. 2013;25:713\u20139.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>4. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Kim N, Yun M, Oh YJ, Choi H-J. Mind-altering with the gut: Modulation of the gut-brain axis with probiotics. J Microbiol Seoul Korea. 2018;56:172\u201382.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>5. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Mangiola F, Ianiro G, Franceschi F, Fagiuoli S, Gasbarrini G, Gasbarrini A. Gut microbiota in autism and mood disorders. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:361\u20138.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>6. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Dash S, Clarke G, Berk M, Jacka FN. The gut microbiome and diet in psychiatry: focus on depression. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2015;28:1\u20136.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>7. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Lv F, Chen S, Wang L, Jiang R, Tian H, Li J, Yao Y, Zhuo C. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder and the possibility of targeting microbiota as a treatment option. Oncotarget. 2017;8:100899\u2013907.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>8. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Huang R, Wang K, Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 May 24];8. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4997396\/<\/p>\n<p>9. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Pelsser LMJ. ADHD, a Food-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome:<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>in Quest of a Cause The effects of a restricted elimination diet (RED)<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>on ADHD, ODD and comorbid somatic complaints, and a<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>preliminary survey of the mechanisms of an RED. [Nijmegen]: Radboud Universiteit; 2011.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>10. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Petra AI, Panagiotidou S, Hatziagelaki E, Stewart JM, Conti P, Theoharides TC. Gut-microbiota-brain axis and effect on neuropsychiatric disorders with suspected immune dysregulation. Clin Ther. 2015;37:984\u201395.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>11. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Cenit MC, Nuevo IC, Codo\u00f1er-Franch P, Dinan TG, Sanz Y. Gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: new perspectives for a challenging condition. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;26:1081\u201392.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>12. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Aarts E, Ederveen THA, Naaijen J, Zwiers MP, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Smeekens SP, Netea MG, Buitelaar JK, Franke B, et al. Gut microbiome in ADHD and its relation to neural reward anticipation. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 May 26];12. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5581161\/<\/p>\n<p>13. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Jiang H-Y, Zhou Y-Y, Zhou G-L, Li Y-C, Yuan J, Li X-H, Ruan B. Gut microbiota profiles in treatment-na\u00efve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res. 2018;347:408\u201313.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>14. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>P\u00e4rtty A, Kalliom\u00e4ki M, Wacklin P, Salminen S, Isolauri E. A possible link between early probiotic intervention and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders later in childhood: a randomized trial. Pediatr Res. 2015;77:823\u20138.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>15. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Madore C, Leyrolle Q, Lacabanne C, Benmamar-Badel A, Joffre C, Nadjar A, Lay\u00e9 S. Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota. Neural Plast [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 May 26];2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5093279\/<\/p>\n<p>16. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Mayer EA, Padua D, Tillisch K. Altered brain-gut axis in autism: comorbidity or causative mechanisms? BioEssays News Rev Mol Cell Dev Biol. 2014;36:933\u20139.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>17. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Navarro F, Liu Y, Rhoads JM. Can probiotics benefit children with autism spectrum disorders? World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:10093\u2013102.<\/p>\n<p>18. <span class=\"Apple-tab-span\"> <\/span>Kang D-W, Adams JB, Gregory AC, Borody T, Chittick L, Fasano A, Khoruts A, Geis E, Maldonado J, McDonough-Means S, et al. Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 May 26];5. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5264285\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neuropsychologische aandoeningen Impressie van de publicaties over de relevantie van het microbioomDe darmen zijn zeer rijk voorzien van zenuwen, kennen een twee-richting-verkeer met het brein en worden om die reden vaak het tweede brein genoemd (1,2). Bovendien worden er bij psychische ziekten heel vaak ook darmziekten zoals IBS en IBD gevonden (3). De aanwijzingen dat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1998","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neuropsychologische aandoeningen - Microbiome Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.studioboszkers.nl\/microbiome-center\/neuropsychologische-aandoeningen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"nl_NL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Neuropsychologische aandoeningen - 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